Postpress: Book binding cover process commonly used fabric

There are various kinds of fabrics used to make plain and hardcover covers, which can be roughly divided into paper fabrics, coated fabrics, fabric fabrics, and non-fabric fabrics.

Paper fabric

The most used book covers in China are paper covers. The cover materials for paperback, saddle-stitched bookcases and hardcover bookcases are paper-based fabrics. The commonly used paper fabrics include book cover paper, white paperboard, pattern paper, and offset paper.

(1) Book paper. The cover paper is commonly known as the cover paper. It is a kind of printing paper used for making paperback books, magazines, books, and other covers. It is divided into A, B, and C according to quality and purpose.

The cover paper is flat paper with paper size of 880mm x 1230mm and 780mm x 1092mm. There are also roll papers and various color and embossed book covers.

According to the provisions of QB1454-92, the basis weight of the book paper is 80g/m2, 100g/m2, and 120g/m2.

(2) White cardboard. White paperboard is a high-quantity, thicker paper that is used to print business cards, cover books, and can also be used as a back-up paper for hardcover books.

White cardboard is lithographic paper with a paper size of 787mm x 1092mm. White cardboard is divided into special number, number one, number two. There are five kinds of 200g/m2, 220g/m2, 250g/m2, 260g/m2 and 300g/m2.

(3) pattern paper. Pattern paper is based on thick paper as the substrate, the paper made by dipping or one-side coating embossing. The pattern has a uniform color, crisp paper, and a wide variety of colors. It has good bonding and hot stamping properties. Pattern paper can be used for plain packaging, hardcover cover materials, ring linings, business cards, greeting cards, etc. It is currently a more suitable and popular cover material.

(4) Offset paper. Offset paper is a common cover material for flat and saddle stitching (sometimes the same as coated paper), and it is also the main material for hard cover book cover. Offset paper has good adhesive properties. According to the thickness of the book, the cover paper has a basis weight of 40 to 200 g/m2.

(5) The line book cover material. Paper for bookbinding covers is generally made from burrs of the same color as the book block or blue-tinted paper. More exquisite use of paper. Base cloth, paint paper, PVC cover paper, etc.

(6) Composite processed paper. Composite paper is a combination of two or more substrates that are the same or different.

The compound-processed paper used as a book-laying fabric is mainly coated with a dry layer and is a cover material made of polyvinyl chloride film on a paper base (printed matter). The surface of the composite processed paper is wear-resistant, has a good luster, is moisture-proof and is not easily soiled, and plays a role of protecting the cover of the book and beautifying the books. This material is often used as a cover material for elementary school textbooks and general paperback and hardcover books.

2. Coating fabric

In order to improve the surface properties of the cover material and improve its strength and resistance to oil, water, and dirt, a variety of materials are applied to the surface of the paper or cloth to obtain a coated cover material with good performance and good appearance. Commonly used coating fabrics include linoleum, exposed base fabrics, lacquered paper, and PVC cover paper.

(1) Varnished cloth. Lacquer cloth is often used as the fabric of the entire bookcase and the waist of the bookcase. There used to be more fabrics used to cover hardcover book covers. The linoleum is generally composed of a base layer, a pigment layer and a light paint layer. The base layer of the linoleum is a plain plain cloth. The cloth surface should be delicate and soft, with a thin texture and strong and durable. It is a support for the linoleum. The intermediate color material layer is composed of a lacquer slurry filled with a filler (calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, etc.), a plasticizer (castor oil, camphor, etc.), a pigment, and the like, and is coated on the substrate.

The role of the color layer is to display the color and fill the bottom layer. The top layer of the linoleum is a varnish layer, also known as a protective layer, which is generally a colorless nitrocellulose varnish coating. The role of the light paint layer is to protect the paint layer and increase the surface gloss.
The lacquer cloth is used as the cover book shell fabric, the surface should be smooth, smooth, nitrocellulose varnish film can not be sticky, with the cover made of linoleum, durable pressure can not have adhesion phenomenon. The pattern of embossed enamel should be clear and the pattern should not be cracked repeatedly. It should be resistant to light and hot stamping, without affecting the strength and gloss of the lacquer.

The lacquer cloth has strong strength, certain elasticity, non-hygroscopicity, dimensional stability, no fear of insects, easy processing and hot stamping. However, the linoleum is not resistant to organic solvents and should avoid contact with gasoline, kerosene, etc., so as not to affect the color and gloss of the linoleum.

(2) The city of Loudi. Bare cloth, also known as bare pattern cloth, is a material specially used for binding hardcover book covers. The woven pattern cloth is based on cloth, coated with a colorless and transparent silicone coating. Therefore, the textile texture and the color of the entire fabric can be revealed.

Bare cloth can be used to fabricate the entire surface of the book shell fabric and the bookcase of the middle waist, framing celebrity books and science and technology books, can improve the artistic effect of its binding. Because the bare cloth uses cloth as the bottom layer, its adhesion and hot stamping adaptability are similar to those of the lining cloth.

(3) paint paper. The lacquer paper is based on base paper of 80g/m2 or more and is coated with a nitrocellulose finish. The surface is smooth and uniform in thickness.

The strength of lacquer paper is poor, it is not folded, and it is easy to tear. Therefore, it is only suitable for the cover fabric of the cover book shell, and is rarely used as a binding material for the book waist.

(4) Vinyl paper. Vinyl paper is made by coating molten vinyl chloride copolymer on paper base. It has enough mechanical strength and beautiful appearance. It can be folded several times and is suitable for making book covers. However, it is necessary to use special inks for printing, and the drying speed is slow and the hot stamping is not easy, so the use range is limited.

(5) Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cover binding paper. PVC framed paper is coated with 80 g/m2 coated paper base paper, coated with polyvinyl chloride resin, and embossed with the cover frame material. Many varieties, high mechanical strength, easy processing, low price, wear resistance, good elasticity, is a more popular frame material.

The PVC cover sheet has good adhesive properties. The front side is a PVC coating layer. The adhesive strength of the adhesive used is greater, and the reverse side is a paper base, which is suitable for various adhesives. PVC cover paper has a good hot stamping performance, and the hot stamping temperature does not exceed 160°C. When hot stamping a patterned PVC cover paper, the pressure and stamping temperature should be appropriately increased.

3. Fabric fabric

The fabrics used to make hardcover covers are cotton, silk, and so on.

(1) Cotton cloth. The main component of cotton is cotton fiber. According to the warp and weft interweaving methods, the cotton cloth is divided into plain weave fabrics (warp and weft fabrics are perpendicular to each other), twill weaves (warp and weft yarns are angled fabrics), and velvet (dual warp weft fabrics).

Commonly used plain weave fabrics are cloth, fine cloth, coarse cloth and poplin. The fine cloth is softer than the city cloth; the poplin has thick warp yarns, fine weft yarns, unbalanced warp and weft strength, and is easily broken at the weft yarns; twill weave fabrics include twill weaves, khakis, quilts, and gabardines. The texture of the twill weave is tighter and thicker than that of the plain weave. The feel is softer than the plain weave. The khaki feels stiff and lint-free. The fastness is high and it is not wearable. The eaves are soft and loose, and the fastness is not high. The gabardine is tight and soft. Folding, wear resistance, crack resistance, etc. are stronger than khakis. Common velvet fabrics include velveteen and corduroy. The velveteen fabric is smooth, shiny, and has good abrasion resistance. The corduroy is thick, soft, and beautiful in appearance.

In the printing industry, the most used cover materials are hand-colored fine cloths and poplin cloths that have been finished in various colors, and can be used as cover and book cover materials for back-packing and back-packing.

After the appearance of the lacquer cloth, the hardcover fabrics were gradually replaced by the paint market. Except for special needs, the fabric was rarely used as a book fabric.
As a binding cover fabric, the shrinking of the muslin, the adhesive performance and the hot stamping performance are very important properties. The fabrics used in the printing factories are all purchased from the market. The shrinkage rate is not set according to the needs of the printing factories. Therefore, when the fabrics and paperboard are bonded together with water-soluble adhesives, the fabrics with high shrinkage rate are dried and the cardboards are dried. The shrinkage rate is not the same, easily causing warpage, affecting the binding effect. The muslin fabric as the binding fabric should have good adhesive properties in order to ensure adhesion with the cardboard. The cloth is porous like the paper and easily penetrates the water-soluble binder used for the cover of the nuclear paste fabric. Therefore, the fabric has good adhesion and is easy to blend. The linoleum has a good hot stamping performance because the cotton fabric has a certain degree of heat resistance. When the temperature rises to 250°C, the cotton fiber is decomposed, burned or charred. The stamping temperature of hot stamping materials such as anodized aluminum is between 110 and 120C. Therefore, a short hot stamping contact will not damage the fabric.

(2) Silk. Silk fabrics are made of silk, and they are available in a wide variety of colors, including thin and light silk fabrics, thick and smooth satin, tough and thin enamel, and brocade, silk, silk, and silk.

Most of the silk and silk fabrics are finely-woven, vividly patterned, and elegant in texture. They are often used as hardcover books, bookcases, books, high-grade pictures, and luxury fabrics. They are elegant, gorgeous, and have unique artistic effects.

绫 is a thin, soft, smooth and delicate fabric in silk fabrics. It is mainly used as the cover of line-bound books and back-packs, the corners of bags, and the bottoms and corners of scrolls.

Satin is a thick, flat and silky fabric with a tight texture. It is mainly used as a fabric for high-grade books, catalogues, and certificates.

Silk shrinkage rate is relatively large, generally 6% to 7%, in order to not affect the quality of the shell, when using silk as the shell fabric, should be painted on the fabric thin starch paste, and then paste the liner, after drying Only available for paste shells. Since the main component of silk is protein, it is not resistant to acids and bases, acids can cause velvet to swell, and weak alkaline substances can also cause hydrolysis of proteins, thus destroying silk fibers. Therefore, acid and alkaline binders cannot be used when making shells from silk fabrics. Silk fabrics can generally meet the requirements of hot stamping temperature, because the surface of the silk fabric can resist the hot stamping temperature up to 165°C, and when the hot stamping temperature exceeds 175°C, the strength and color can change obviously. Silk fabrics are not wear-resistant, light-resistant, moisture-absorbent, and poorly preserved, causing insects and mildew.

(3) chemical fiber fabrics. Chemical fiber fabrics are fabrics made from high molecular compounds. Commonly used as binding fabrics are polyester or polyester blended textiles. The wear resistance, acid resistance, alkalinity and insect resistance of this material are superior to cotton, silk, wool and other fiber fabrics, but due to its poor heat resistance, the price is slightly higher, at present, in the binding production Not yet widely used.

4. Non-woven fabric

(1) Leather fabrics. Leather fabrics are only used to frame luxurious books, which are rarely used as hardcover books because of their high price.

The texture of the leather is soft, the strength is high, the expansion and contraction rate is small, wear resistance, folding resistance, color strength is good, and the products are bright and shiny. Because leather contains lipids and does not bind easily, a highly viscous adhesive must be used.

Books made of leather fabrics should be protected against squeezing, bruising, insects, rat bites, mildew, and aging. They should not be exposed to harmful gases and should be kept away from moisture and sunlight.

(2) plastic fabrics. In the binding of books, in addition to cover paper coated or covered with plastic, polyvinyl chloride printed or embossed rigid plastic covers have also been widely used. PVC plastic has excellent water resistance, oil resistance, chemical resistance, but it is not easy to bond with other materials, therefore, commonly used high-frequency welding method to make manuals, diaries, dictionaries and other covers, such as active Set of book shells and plastic pressed full book shells.