Section 3 Higher Education in Printing Engineering
Higher education in printing engineering is broadly divided into several levels: specialist, undergraduate, graduate, and adult higher education. By 1997, there were altogether 6 institutions of higher learning (printing engineering), namely: Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, School of Printing and Packaging Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, School of Printing and Engineering, Wuhan Technical University of Surveying and Mapping, and Department of Mapping of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Institute of Mapping Printing, Department of Packaging Engineering, Zhuzhou Institute of Technology and Shanghai Publishing and Printing College.
I. College and Undergraduate Education
1. Introduction of Institutions of Higher Education (Department and Specialty)
(1) Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication.
As early as in the 1940s, Hangzhou National Art College of Zhejiang Province had a printing group of arts and crafts department (mainly engaged in book printing, trademark and other decoration printing teaching). In 1953, the state decided to merge the Department of Arts and Crafts with the Beijing National Arts Academy and set up the Central Academy of Arts and Crafts (completed in 1956). The printing profession was subsequently withdrawn. In August 1958, the Ministry of Culture planned to establish a cultural college in Beijing. In June 1960, the Department of Culture established the Department of Printing Technology, and Zheng Deji served as the dean. In the year, 38 lithographic professional students were enrolled from the printing staff, and the academic year was 4 years.
In 1961, the country was in a period of economic hardship. In December of the same year, the Cultural Institute was withdrawn, but the printing process was retained. 19 In March of the year 62, the Department of Printing Technology was merged into the Central Academy of Art and Design of the Ministry of Light Industry. Since 1963, the Printing and Crafts Department of the Central Academy of Arts and Crafts has been recruiting high school graduates for the society. It has a five-year academic program and a bachelor's degree. It has recruited 72 students for three consecutive years in 1965. During the "Cultural Revolution", enrollment was stopped. In 1977, the recruitment of students resumed, and the Department of Printing Technology successively enrolled 77 workers, peasants, and soldiers. At this point, a total of 189 students enrolled in 6 sessions and 111 graduated in 17 years.
In 1978, the State Council approved the establishment of the Beijing Institute of Graphic Arts, under the State Publishing Bureau. This is China's first printing high school that is entirely based on the printing engineering profession. In the same year, the preparatory group of the Beijing Institute of Printing Technology received 105 teachers and students (including 28 faculty members) in the Printing Technology Department of the Central Academy of Arts and Crafts. On this basis, the Beijing Institute of Graphic Arts was established.
In 1980, the school site of Beijing Institute of Graphic Arts was selected in the satellite town of Huangcun, Daxing County, Beijing, and began the process of constructing rented houses and moving schools. At that time, 88 new students were recruited, which were divided into two majors: printing and printing.
In 1981, the State Publishing Bureau appointed Wang Li as the first dean, and the college has three departments: printing technology, printing machinery, and enterprise management. In 1983, the Department of Electronic Engineering was added. It also completed a trial in the staff worker college class, recruiting 25 people.
After five years of construction, in 1985 the college moved from renting school to run a new campus under construction (Figure 24-7). Since moving out of the Central Academy of Arts and Crafts in 1980, it has started to run schools and moved to a new campus. Beijing Institute of Graphic Arts has enrolled 5 years of undergraduate and 1 college of higher education, totaling 165 students.
In 1993, after undergoing teaching reforms, the College adjusted the teaching structure from the needs of market economy, and set up 7 departments including printing technology, mechanical and electrical engineering, electronic engineering, management engineering, packaging engineering, design art, publishing and editing, etc. , 6 three-year specialties. Annual enrollment 530 to 600 people. This is the first full-time institution of higher learning in China that has the first printing (both packaging and printing) liberal arts, engineering, and specialty and undergraduate programs.
By 1997, when the Beijing Printing Academy was evaluated by the State Education Commission, the Institute had accumulatively enrolled 22 times in 17 years, cultivating 2,315 undergraduates, accounting for 76.6% of bachelor's degrees, and 109 specialist graduates. In 1997, there were 2,182 students and 622 faculty members, of which 232 were professional teachers (30% were senior professional titles).
(2) School of Printing and Packaging Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology.
In 1974, Shaanxi Mechanical College, which is part of the Ministry of Machinery Industry, set up printing machinery. Later, he was promoted to the printing and packaging engineering department, under the three undergraduate majors of printing machinery and packaging engineering, printing technology, as well as three professional directions of graphic and text information processing engineering, industrial modeling and decoration design, and electromechanical integration.
In January 1994, approved by the Ministry of Machinery Industry, the printing and packaging engineering department of Shaanxi Institute of Mechanical Engineering was renamed the School of Printing and Packaging Engineering of Xi'an University of Technology. It consists of three departments: printing engineering, packaging engineering and information science, as well as four laboratories for printing machinery, printing technology, packaging engineering and printing electronics technology. The Institute also has a New Technology Research Institute for Printing and Packaging, and the Xi'an Branch Center of China Packaging Research and Testing Center is also located in the Institute.
In 1997, the Institute had more than 120 faculty and staff members, including 9 professors, 25 associate professors, 38 lecturers (engineers), 5 professors of emeritus in Germany, and 4 part-time professors in China. There are more than 800 students in the school, including 50 master students, more than 660 full-time undergraduate students, and more than 90 adult education students. For more than 20 years, the college has trained more than 1,700 undergraduates and nearly 300 undergraduates.
The school has a friendly relationship with Stuttgart and the Ukrainian Institute of Printing. In September 1992, the school reached an agreement with the Stuttgart School of Graphic Arts in Stuttgart, Germany, on mutual exchanges with foreign students, mutual visits by teachers, mutual recognition of academic qualifications, and joint training of graduate students (Graph 24-8).
(3) School of Printing Engineering, Wuhan Technical University of Surveying and Mapping.
Wuhan Surveying and Mapping University, formerly known as Wuhan Institute of Surveying and Mapping, was founded in 1956 and renamed Wuhan Surveying and Mapping Institute in 1958, under the State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping. In 1985, it was approved by the State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping to be renamed Wuhan Surveying and Mapping University. In 1978, it was designated as a national key university by the Ministry of Education.
At the beginning of the establishment of the college, there was a map-mapping profession, of which the map-printing course occupies a considerable proportion. In 1983, approved by the State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping, an additional undergraduate class of printing technology was established within the map-mapping profession. The school system lasted 4 years. In 1984, with the approval of the Ministry of Education, an undergraduate of printing technology was added to the map drawing department. In 1988 the Department of Printing Engineering was established. In 1996, the Department of Printing Engineering added an undergraduate major in packaging engineering with a four-year program. In May 1996, the State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping agreed to establish the School of Printing Engineering.
In order to meet the needs of society, from 1986, the printing technology specialist recruited high school graduates for a period of two years. In 1996, the school system was changed to three years. In 1997, a total of 425 graduates in printing technology were trained and 53 were enrolled in school.
In 1993, a specialized specialty in packaging technology (decoration and printing) was added to recruit high school graduates. The school system began at 2 years and was later changed to 3 years. By 1997, 101 graduates had been trained.
The college's 4-year undergraduate education in printing technology began in 1983. In the year, 32 high school graduates were recruited. Approved by the Ministry of Education in 1984, it has an undergraduate major in printing technology in the map drawing department. In 1995, the printing technology major was adjusted to include printing technology (electronic publishing) and printing technology (printing design and technology). The school system was four years old.
The undergraduate of printing technology has recruited 11 students from 1983 to 1997, and has 480 graduates. They are distributed throughout Tibet.
The School of Printing Engineering of Wuhan University of Surveying and Mapping has formed a team of teachers with a combination of old, middle and youth. Among them, there are 5 professors, 18 associate professors and senior engineers, 25 lecturers and engineers, and prepress technical teaching rooms and printing designs. Department of Technology and Technology, Department of Image and Color Science, Department of Packaging and Materials Science.
The institute has established a good cooperative relationship with the University of Bonn, Germany, the Swiss Federal Institute of Printing, the Netherlands Institute of Aerial Survey and Earth Sciences (ITC), and the Hong Kong Graphic Arts Society.
(4) The map printing professional of the Institute of Surveying and Mapping of PLA.
The predecessor of the Institute of Surveying and Mapping of the People's Liberation Army was the Northeast Surveying and Mapping School and was founded in Changchun on May 5, 1946. In July 1953, the Central Military Commission formally named the Institute of Surveying and Mapping of the Chinese People's Liberation Army under the supervision of the General Staff Department. In November of the same year, he relocated to Beijing and moved to Zhengzhou in 1976.
The map printing profession is a profession in the map drawing department. In the early years of the founding of the institute, a map printing and printing course was established in the cartography major. In 1960, there was a specialization class for printing professions. In 1963, a printing professional college was established. In 1979, printing undergraduate students were trained.
The profession has a highly qualified and well-structured faculty team. By the end of 1996, there were 17 professional teachers, including 7 professors and associate professors, and 1 senior engineer.
The College of Surveying and Mapping of Map Printing specializes in cultivating high and middle-level scientific research, teaching and operating personnel for the General Staff Survey and Mapping Bureau, the Institute of Surveying and Mapping, the Institute of Surveying and Mapping, and the military and military surveying and mapping units of the major military regions. The printing profession also has nearly 2,000 square meters of teaching laboratories and 5,000 square meters of teaching practice factories. After four years of undergraduate study, those who passed the test were awarded a bachelor's degree; specialists after three years of study, and those who passed the test were allowed to graduate. At the end of 1996, there were 40 undergraduates in the school. They had trained 540 secondary school students, 380 college students, and 200 undergraduate students.
(5) Department of Packaging Engineering, Zhuzhou Institute of Technology.
Formerly known as China Packaging Engineering Institute, Zhuzhou Polytechnic University was rebuilt on the basis of the original Zhuzhou University in 1987 and is part of China National Packaging Corporation. The hospital has a packaging engineering department, which consists of three specialties: packaging design, packaging engineering and printing technology. The printing technology is divided into specialist subjects, with a three-year academic system; undergraduates and four-year schooling, two systems of education are recruited for high school graduates nationwide.
In 1985, the printing technology specialty began enrollment. By 1997, a total of 250 people had graduated. In 1989, two majors in printing engineering and graphic and information began to enroll undergraduate students. In 1993, they began to graduate and graduated to 280 in 1997.
(6) Shanghai Publishing and Printing College.
The predecessor of Shanghai Publishing and Printing College was the Shanghai Printing School. In December 1988, approved by the State Education Commission, it was upgraded to Shanghai Publishing and Printing College. In September 1991, it was approved by the Press and Publication Administration and the State Education Commission and renamed Shanghai Publishing and Printing College. It was affiliated to the National Press and Publication Administration and was a liberal arts college.