Abstract: Design can not be separated from color. Designers express their design ideas through color, and the application of color visual illusion in design has an irreplaceable position. If applied cleverly, it can not only avoid the negative effects of visual illusion, but also increase the artistic appeal of the works.
Keywords: visual perception, cold and warm tone, color contrast, what is color visual illusion
Color design requires full use of the artistic charm of color and the functional role of color. In order to achieve this goal, designers should fully understand the color appreciation habits and aesthetic psychology of different objects. Only by mastering the psychological laws of people's understanding and appreciation of color can we rationally use colors to beautify people's lives. Among them, the effective use of color visual illusion is one of the important means to achieve this design goal.
Humans have undergone a long evolutionary process. In order to adapt to nature, various sensory organs have gradually been formed. Among them, the visual organs are the most important. They are responsible for more than 80% of information receiving tasks. However, the function of the visual organs is not omnipotent, and sometimes human vision will produce visual errors due to physiological and psychological factors as well as external factors such as light, shape, color, etc., that is, visual illusions. The visual illusion is divided into the illusion of form and the illusion of color. This article mainly discusses the color visual illusion.
Color visual illusion is the perception of distorted external things under certain conditions. This kind of distortion has a fixed tendency and cannot be overcome by subjective efforts. However, if applied ingeniously, it can not only avoid the negative effects caused by illusion phenomenon, but also can make full use of the role of illusion to increase the artistic appeal. For example, printing uses the density of red, yellow, blue, and black dots to form an illusion of innumerable spatial blends. Due to the illusion of afterimages, these dots are automatically reconciled visually and smudge into soft, uniform colors. Therefore, before printing, the number of printed lines must be determined according to the size and use of the printed matter.
Second, the color of the visual illusion caused by the color of the body
The color has the difference between cold and warm colors, and the feeling of “cold and warm†temperature is associated with the sense of color in the visual field. It does not refer to the actual temperature sense in the physical, but refers to the one that experiences and interacts with each other visually and psychologically. Perceived effects. The orange color is generally the warmest color, known as the warm pole; the sky blue solid color as the coldest color, known as the cold pole. Designers often use the color of the cold and warm sense of the color as the illusion of design creation, such as the Winter Olympics posters processed into blue and white tone, the volunteer sports posters processed into red and orange tone.
In addition, color also has a sense of severity, and the main factor that determines its severity is lightness, lightness with high lightness and lightness with lightness with low lightness. White has a tendency to “rise†and appears light; black has a tendency to “decline†and appears heavy. Therefore, with clothing, the upper part of the clothes is light and the lower part is deep, so it is easy to appear stable.
Warm tones can also create a sense of impatience and bloat, making people look as if they are moving from the actual position or larger than the actual area. The cold tone has a sense of receding and shrinking, appearing farther in the viewer's eyes or smaller than the actual area. Kandinsky conducted a detailed comparative analysis of different feelings of various colors in "The Spirit of the Arts": "If you paint two circles and paint yellow and blue respectively, you can see for a moment: Immediately in the yellow circle, there was a movement that extended outward from the center, and it was clearly approaching the audience. In contrast, the blue circle retreated from the eyes of the audience, like a snail indented its own shell. â€
Goethe also pointed out in his article "The Science of Color": "The two dots are the same size, and the black dots on a white background are one-fifth smaller than the white dots on the background." So, the same person wears Obviously, dark clothes look thinner than those wearing bright colors. Another example is the ratio of the red, white, and blue colors of the French flag is 35:33:37, but we feel that the three colors have the same area. These are the effects of color visual illusion.
Third, the application of color visual illusion caused by color contrast
Clever use of "simultaneous contrast" in color can also create a certain amount of visual illusion. Contrast is the core of color aesthetics, and the charm of color can only be truly displayed through comparison. In the state of contrast, it is different from the color seen alone, which is mainly caused by visual afterimages. Therefore, when we carry out color matching design, we should consider this color vision illusion and make corresponding treatment. Da Vinci said: "In the same beautiful colors, the colors that are juxtaposed with its direct contrast are the most pleasing. Black and white, sky blue and golden, green and red are all direct contrast colors." Visible among different colors Contrast can give people different visual perceptions and psychological effects.
Johannes Eaton, the founder of Bauhaus Basic, was one of the earliest educators who introduced the modern color system into design education. He has a very sensitive form understanding, firmly believes that color is rational, and believes that only by understanding the scientific composition of color can it be possible to have The free expression of color, he pointed out in the book “Color Art—Subjective Experience and Objective Principles of Colorâ€: “Comparative effects and their classification are an appropriate starting point for studying color aesthetics.â€
Putting a piece of gray on a white background first and then on a black background can give people an illusion of different shades of color. Also, the red on a yellow background appears dark, while the red on a blue background looks bright. General colors are always extremely strong on a dark background. These color contrast laws are widely used in print layout design, advertising poster design, display design and so on. Designers should make full use of visual illusions for their own design services to produce a strong visual effect.
Conclusion
The effective use of color visual illusions has great benefits for visual effects and practical use. It should be noted that the use of color visual illusion cannot be excessive, and excessive use can cause visual hallucinations. Visual illusion is the visually unimagined imagination. It is an unhealthy visual state and should be avoided as much as possible. Designers in the product's color design, we must consider the psychological effects of color and color visual illusion factors and the wonderful effect of color contrast.
â– Zhou Fei
Decoration, No. 02, 2006