How to realize high economic printing material inventory management
Under the market economy, if enterprises want to gain competitive advantage and seize the market, they must strive to minimize the cost of the enterprise. Focus on strengthening the management of variable cost Chinese and foreign shopping resources (ie, material inventory management) in order to achieve the goal of reducing product costs and improving economic benefits.
How to adapt to the characteristics of today's era and establish new ideas and methods for reducing costs are of great practical significance for effective price competition and improving the competitiveness and economic benefits of enterprises. Generally, the cost management of enterprises mainly refers to the management of finished products, but for printing and processing enterprises, because fixed costs are only related to the amount of capital guaranteed, it should focus on strengthening variable cost Chinese and foreign shopping capital management (ie, material inventory management) to achieve reduction Product cost, the purpose of increasing economic benefits.
The production of any enterprise is inseparable from people, money, and goods. The goods mentioned here mainly refer to the inventory of materials. The so-called inventory refers to the materials that the enterprise reserves for consumption or sales during the production and operation process. It is the main cost of the company's products. As a component, it accounts for a large proportion of the company ’s current assets, and generally accounts for 40% to 60% of the product cost. The management of inventory assets is good or bad, which has a great impact on the rise and fall of enterprise product costs, and even on product profitability and enterprise financial status. It is the basic goal of printing materials inventory management to analyze the composition of printed materials inventory costs, use function methods to reasonably determine the quantity of inventories, reduce inventory levels, increase revenue, and achieve the optimal combination of functions and costs.
The function of material inventory of printing enterprises refers to the role of material inventory in the production and operation of enterprises, which is mainly manifested in the following aspects:
First, reserve the necessary raw materials (such as paper, film, etc.) can effectively prevent the occurrence of downtime and maintain the continuity of production;
Second, reserve the necessary special materials to facilitate sales and enhance the ability of enterprises to adapt to market changes;
Third, maintaining an appropriate amount of inventory can reduce purchase costs and facilitate the organization of balanced production.
In order to give full play to the inherent function of material inventory, enterprises must reserve certain inventory (such as paper, printing spare parts, etc.), but various expenses will also be incurred because of this, which is the cost of material inventory. Material inventory costs include the following:
1. Procurement cost. Purchasing cost is the cost composed of the purchase price of materials and transportation charges, that is, the value of the material inventory itself, which is equal to the product of quantity and unit price. When the total purchase quantity is fixed for a certain period of time, assuming that the price is constant and there is no discount on the quantity purchased, the procurement cost of the material inventory is constant regardless of the number of changes in the company's procurement, and therefore it is an irrelevant cost of decision-making.
2. Out of stock costs. Out-of-stock cost refers to the loss caused by the exhaustion of printed materials (such as paper) or the interruption of supply to meet the normal needs of production and operation. It mainly includes the loss of shutdown caused by the interruption of the supply of printed materials, and overtime to supplement the short-term output of paper. Loss costs, loss of reputation due to delays in the delivery of finished product inventory, loss of sales opportunities, fines due to delivery delays, etc. If the enterprise does not allow out-of-stock situations, the out-of-stock cost is zero and no need to be considered in decision-making; if the enterprise allows out-of-stock, the out-of-stock cost is inversely related to the quantity of inventory, which is a decision-related cost, and the enterprise should reduce the out of stock Cost, it is necessary to increase the quantity of inventory.
3. Ordering cost. Ordering cost refers to the various expenses that the enterprise spends to organize the purchase, such as the office expenses, travel expenses, postage, telephone and telegram expenses of the material supply personnel. Some of these costs are not related to the number of orders, such as basic expenses such as the rent of the permanent procurement agency. Such fixed purchase costs are irrelevant costs for decision-making; the other part are related to the number of orders, such as travel, postage, telephone and telegraphic charges, etc. In order to reduce the order cost, enterprises need to reduce the number of orders. When the total amount of purchases in a certain period of time is fixed, it means that the inventory needs to be increased every time.
4. Storage cost. Storage cost refers to the expenses incurred by printing companies in order to hold inventory (such as paper), mainly including: interest accrued by printing materials occupancy funds, printing material insurance costs, printing paper and other materials damage and deterioration losses, storage costs, warehouse Internal forklift handling costs, warehouse storage personnel costs, etc. Storage costs are also divided into fixed costs and variable costs. Fixed costs are irrelevant to the number of inventories, such as depreciation fees for three-dimensional warehouses, fixed monthly wages of warehouse custodians, etc. Such costs are irrelevant costs for decision-making, and variable costs are related to the number of inventories , Such as accrued interest on printed materials funds, damage and deterioration of printing paper and other materials, insurance costs of printed materials, etc., are related to decision-making costs, and are proportional to the increase or decrease in the amount of inventory storage. To reduce storage costs, an enterprise needs to reduce the quantity of stock purchases.
Through the above analysis of the printing material inventory cost, it can be seen that if the number of printing material purchases is increased and the printing material inventory quantity is reduced, the inventory storage cost can be reduced, but the order cost and out-of-stock cost will increase; otherwise, the order cost and out-of-stock cost will decrease The storage cost of printed materials will increase. It can be seen that how to determine the optimal inventory quantity of printed materials, keep the total cost of the four items at a minimum level, and reduce the capital consumption of printed materials inventory is the main problem to achieve the management goal of printed materials inventory.
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