In August 1945, Japan announced its unconditional surrender, which symbolized the Chinese people’s eight-year long, arduous, and great battle against Japanese imperialist aggression against China. As the nation was delighted and excited, the layout of the printing industry across the country has also undergone important changes, and large-scale adjustments and restorations have begun. The printing companies that showed that they had migrated from the coastal riverside cities to the large rear areas after the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression had moved back to their original locations; the printing industries in the enemy-occupied areas of the enemy-occupied areas were taken over by the Chinese, and they needed to be reorganized and re-arranged; In the new situation, the printing industry in the land has been merged and reorganized, and its scale has been continuously expanded. Changes have a global and multifaceted nature. After the Anti-Japanese War, China’s printing industry, despite the eight-year-long destruction and destruction of Japanese imperialism, has suffered a lot of damage, equipment, technology, and scale, far less than before the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War when the modern printing industry in the Chinese nation rose. However, in the joy of Chinese culture, publishing, printing industry colleagues, in the anti-war benefits, will certainly be on the basis of the existing future, and create a brilliant Chinese printing. China's printing industry has seen new hope and dawn. This was the actual situation before the national culture, publishing, and printing interface. Regrettably, soon after the war was resisted, the third domestic war between the Kuomintang and the Communists began again, and the nation was again in a war environment. The difference is that this is a civil war. Domestic war can only affect and hinder the normal development of the printing industry, and it will not be subconsciously destroyed and destroyed like the Japanese halberd. In this historical period, the printing industry has not changed much more than the turbulence, reorganization and changes in the printing of the roots. In this transition, each printing (including the original, new, and receiving) was relocated, merged, adjusted, and reorganized. The scale grew from small to large and achieved various degrees of development and improvement. In particular, the establishment of the Xinhua Bookstore, which has been printing, publishing, and distributing at one of the various roots (in this case, the Liberated Area), has emerged as a new model for comprehensive management of printing, publishing, and distribution management systems in the form of Xinhua Bookstore. It laid the foundation for the formation of a management system after the end of the three-year civil war.
Section 1 Printing Industry in Taiwan
From the Battle of Shishi War of 1895 to the war of resistance in 1945, Japan occupied Taiwan for 50 years. This 50-year colonial rule has brought endless calamities to the people of Taiwan. The printing industry in Taiwan has also been under control and is difficult to develop. In particular, after 1943, the Japanese army was defeated because of the war, tightening the search for Taiwan’s supplies, adding to the fighting and causing damage to printing equipment, which made the printing industry in a depression.
After resisting the war, the Nationalist government sent a person to Taiwan to receive the Japanese government and military industry and reorganized the printing company that the Japanese merged at the end of the war to be printed by the Ministry of Defense. The folk printing run by the Chinese people, after the post-war repairs, also has the ability to produce letterpress, discs, and some simple printing equipment; in terms of paper supply, either papermaking or hand-made papermaking, although quality and quantity are difficult to recover Pre-war level, but it can be maintained. The February 28th incident in 1947 caused the loss of talents in the printing industry and brought certain influence to the printing industry in Taiwan. The outbreak and development of the three-year civil war resulted in the brink of collapse of the national economy and the lack of materiality, which further aggravated the printing industry. At this time, in Taiwan's printing industry, lithographic printing has been worse than before, but lead type printing has gradually increased. At that time, most of the printed texts, books, prints, forms, and commercial color printing used lead printing. The application and development of zinc letterpress manufacturing technology has created a good development prospect for Toppan Printing.
Taiwan’s return to the motherland and the freedom and fair competition for the business community have gradually increased, and some of the printing presses still operating are being opened at this time. Since “Taiwan’s own foreign exchange is very scarce at this stage and it is not possible to purchase equipment abroad, the letterhead still uses the fonts and fonts left by the Japanese, color printing, color separation, plate making and printing. No matter whether it is a plain or letterpress version, there are people. Try to do it in order to fill the gaps that previously entered Japan's advanced color or color prints." Chen Zhengxiong's "Taiwan Printing Industry Development Process."
In 1949, the three-year civil war was basically over. The Nationalist Government transported a large number of military, civilian, and goods from China's coastal areas to Taiwan and brought printing equipment, technology, and management personnel to Taiwan. Printing equipment and equipment:
The Central Government has shipped a large number of advanced equipment and equipment from the sea, including 12 intaglio printing, six shading printing, four vertical eight-pane printing, two full-length Miller lithographic printing, and two off-site printing. Miller lithography, four Halis lithographs, several American cut papers, and many copper mold engraving equipment, as well as copper mold, fish glue, transfer paper, Shanghai Jinshan inks, IPI Lida inks, and other gravure materials.
Industrial and mining companies shipped two Japanese Hamada full-page lithographs. One is a two-color full-sheet lithography that automatically feeds paper, and the other is a full-color full-sheet lithography.
In addition, military prints such as the Army, Navy and Lianqin Cartography have brought in a large quantity of US-made printing equipment; the paper, ink, and some printing equipment of the Commercial Press were shipped to Taiwan at this time, and they sought to establish and develop in Taiwan; A lot of printing and plate making and typesetting equipment were shipped.
The equipment and equipment brought by the Nationalist government when it was relocated to Taiwan is undoubtedly an indispensable tool for the printing industry in Taiwan. It is bound to have an impact on the development of the Soviet Union's printing industry in Taiwan.
Section II Printing Industry in Northeast China
The three northeastern provinces were invaded by the Japanese invaders after the "September 18" Incident. They resisted war and profit in 1945, and they fell for 14 years. After the July 7th Incident, the Northeast became the rear base for Japan’s massive invasion of China. There is no "big rear" controlled by the National Government. Some are only guerrillas led by the Communist Party of China. Although the anti-Japanese guerrillas in the northeast all over the northeast, and in 1936 set up the "Northeast Anti-Japanese coalition", the maximum number of personnel reached 45,000, but due to difficult conditions and other reasons, there has been no image of Shaanxi, Gansu, Jincha Such relatively stable roots as 冀 and so on, the entire northeast area is under the Japanese white monk's terror. It is also difficult for the revolutionary printing industry to form scale production. The printing industry in the Northeast is basically controlled by Japanese and Japanese hands.
After resisting war and profit, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China dispatched a large number of cadres and printing professionals from Yanan Central Printing to work in the Northeast. The Northeast Bureau of the CPC Central Committee successively received prints from the "Principles of Manchu Japan and Japan" printed by the Japanese and the Japanese, printing from "East Asia Printing Co., Ltd.", printing from the "Beiguang Daily", and printing from the "Songjiang Daily" in Shenyang and Harbin. Afterwards, in 1946, he took over the printing of New Voice, Guanghua Daily, Sweeping Newspaper, Momento, and Cultural Service in Andong; he took over the Harbin Railway Printing Office in Harbin; 1947 He took over the Xinhua Press in Harbin and received the printing of the “New Birthday†in Changchun in 1948. In Shenyang, he received more than a dozen mini-prints such as “The Triumphantâ€, “The People's Daily†magazine and “Cultural Serviceâ€. On the basis of these newly received printings, the “Northeast Daily†printing, Andong bookstore printing, public-private partnerships Harbin Xinhua Printing, Northeast Bookstore Changchun Printing, and Northeast Bookstore Shenyang Printing were large-scale printing at the time. Among them, the “Northeast Daily†is a report of the Northeast Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, and there are three printings: Jiamusi, Dongan, and Harbin; Harbin Xinhua Printing is the first printing enterprise in the history of public-private partnerships. The two have certain representativeness. As typical examples, the brief introduction is as follows:
Printing ">First, the "Northeast Daily" printing
The "Northeast Daily" printing was founded in 1945.
In October 1945, since the beginning of the civil war, the Northeast Daily was ordered to withdraw from Shenyang and transfer to the north. At that time, the time was tight. Only a small amount of equipment was taken away. There was a cast-word, an eight-page book, and some printing equipment and supplies. There are five pickers, one engraving worker and three binders. Retreat is divided into two groups and is conducted from two routes. Seven people from one line and one line took over the printing of the former “Central Daily News†in Changchun, and on this basis, the printing of the “Northeast Daily†was established in Changchun. Soon, the workers transferred to Harbin again. In Harbin, the “Northeast Daily†was printed using Harbin Daily. Since then, "Harbin Daily" printing changed its name to "Northeast Daily" printing. At the same time, on the basis of some small prints, stationery, and inks that were received, the “Northeast Daily†printed the second major printed book and publication. See pp. 292, 293 of China Printing Yearbook 1984-1986, edited by China Printing Technology Association, Printing Industry Press, 1987.
In June 1946, a print was also published in the Northeast China Daily in Jiamusi for special printed books and periodicals. At the end of 1947, in order to respond to the changing situation, it was decided to reprint the Jiamusi “Northeast Daily†printed in the special printed books to the Jiamusi Northeast Bookstore.
Another five people on the other route, in Jiamusi built the "Northeast Daily News" printing II. It was soon relocated from Jiamusi to Dongan. At the time, the “Tohoku Daily†printed in Jiamusi had six sets of lead prints of different sizes, with nearly 200 employees, more than 2 million words per month, and more than 2,000 print orders per month; the “Northeast Daily†printed in Dong’an was printed two. There are five sets of lead printing, and the number of employees is nearly 100.
In March 1949, Harbin "Northeast Daily" printing and Jiamusi Northeast Bookstore printing were ordered to relocate to Shenyang to form the Northeast Bookstore.
The “Northeast Daily†printed, withdrawn from Shenyang, after many setbacks and relocations, finally returned to Shenyang and reorganized into the development process of Shenyang Northeast Bookstore printing. It was the printing of the CCP’s leadership during the three-year civil war period after the warlords’ resistance—mainly the newspaper office. Printing - a typical portrayal of change. Representative. People can glimpse a glimpse of the Northeast printing industry during the period after the War of Resistance against Japan and during the three-year civil war.
Printing "> Second, public-private partnership Harbin Xinhua printing
In April 1947, the Communist Party took over Harbin, a town in Heilongjiang Province. In November of the same year, he took over the Harbin Xinhua Printing Museum and appointed a public representative to enter the company. He established a public-private joint venture Harbin Xinhua Printing.
Harbin Xinhua Press is the largest printing company in Harbin operated by the Chinese people. Its predecessor was the joint-edition of Yao Tongxuan and Wei Xichen. It was mainly based on lettering and was also run in lithography. At the time of the initial construction of the Mulin Temple, there were only two lithographic frames. In 1926, the Printing Bureau was merged forever and a joint stock limited company was established, which was named Harbin Xinhua Press. At that time, it had two lithographic frames, three small eight pages of lead printing, one full-scale lithograph, and one full-color monochrome printing. Mainly printed books, newspapers, but also printed posters, wrapping paper and other printed materials. At this point, Harbin Xinhua Press has begun to take shape, has entered its prosperous history of development.
In 1931, the Japanese imperialists invaded the three northeastern provinces, and Harbin Xinhua Press was reorganized into a "Binjiang Printing Co., Ltd."