2.3 Stability Experiment: In this experiment, nitric acid, pistachio, musk, and sea bream were used as samples for further testing. The next step was to investigate the effect of release time on optical rotation. After separation, sub-rotation was measured at 51 points, and the results showed that the optical rotation remained unchanged over a period of 4 to 11 days.
2.3.1 Effect of Release Time on Optical Rotation: Following the separation process, the optical rotation was measured at different intervals. The results indicated that the optical rotation did not change significantly between day 4 and day 11, suggesting a stable optical property over time.
2.3.2 Effect of Temperature on Optical Rotation: The optical rotation was tested under varying temperatures, ranging from 15°C to 35°C. The results showed that the optical rotation was not affected by temperature changes within this range, indicating good thermal stability.
2.4 Recycling Test: To evaluate the precision of the method, nitric acid and auxiliary ingredients were accurately weighed according to the prescription. The mixture was dissolved in water to prepare a 1:8 concentration solution. The optical rotation was then determined using the method described in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, 1995 edition, Appendix 35. The results were calculated and recorded.
2.5 Comparison with Neutralization Method: This method was compared with the traditional neutralization method. Different batches of nitric acid and fragrant liquid were tested using both methods. The results showed that the optical rotation method provided comparable results to the neutralization method. However, the optical rotation method is simpler, faster, and allows direct measurement without sample pretreatment, making it more suitable for quality control in hospital preparation rooms and pharmaceutical factories.
Comparison of Different Methods for Cleaning Infusion Bottles and Their Effects on Insoluble Particles: The presence of insoluble particles in infusions is an important indicator of infusion quality. With improvements in production conditions and solvent quality, infusion bottles have become a major source of particulate contamination. Currently, high-efficiency, non-toxic disinfectants are gradually replacing traditional sulfuric acid-based cleaning solutions, and are widely used in the cleaning of infusion bottles. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of two commonly used disinfectant solutions against the traditional sulfuric acid method in terms of particle removal and sterilization.
Materials and Methods: A total of 300 old infusion bottles were collected and prepared with the following solutions: 1) concentrated sulfuric acid cleaning solution; 2) Jiexiaojing disinfectant (Batch No. 9608193, produced by Suzhou Wuxian Chemical Second Factory); 3) Strong Disinfection Solution (Batch No. 950906, produced by Guangzhou Qingfeng Pharmaceutical Machinery Factory). An 11.4-type particle counter (Hunan Tianping Instrument Factory) was used for analysis. The bottles had been stored for 8 months and were cleaned by removing the caps, rinsing with tap water, and dividing them into three groups of 100 each. Each group was treated with either concentrated sulfuric acid or the disinfectant solution, left overnight, and then rinsed twice with tap water and twice with purified water. A batch of glucose-scented sodium injection was then filled, sealed, and stored for two weeks before sterilization. The samples were tested for insoluble particles, sterility, and endotoxins according to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 1995 edition, Appendices 62, 76, and 79.
Results: 2.1 Sterility Testing: Three types of infusion bottle cleaning methods were used to prepare grape chlorinated injections. According to the direct inoculation method, bacterial and anaerobic cultures were incubated for 5 days at 30–35°C, while mold cultures were incubated for 7 days at 20–25°C. No microbial growth was observed. Bacterial endotoxin testing was also performed on glucose debride injections produced by the three cleaning methods, and all results met the required standards.
2.2 Insoluble Particles: One type of cleaning method resulted in 100 groups of sour acid Qiao Jie Xiaoqiao strong samples. The comparison between groups showed no significant difference (P > 0.05).
Discussion: The results showed that all three cleaning methods produced similar levels of microparticles in the final infusion products. Sterility and endotoxin tests were also in compliance with regulations. Compared to sulfuric acid cleaning, the new disinfectant method showed similar decontamination and depyrogenation effects.
Conclusion: The study was conducted at Qiqihar Medical College Affiliated Hospital. The old infusion bottles used in the experiment were heavily contaminated, with visible mold, blood, sediment, and debris. These bottles were more difficult to clean than those with mild contamination. Since the experiment was carried out during regular hospital infusion production, the data obtained were practical and reliable. It is recommended that after using the disinfectant solution, the rinse water should be pressurized to at least 58.8 kPa or warmed to ensure complete removal of residual materials.
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