Packaging containers are a combination of packaging materials and styling. Included in the ranks of modern logistics packaging are corrugated boxes, wooden boxes, pallet collection packaging, containers and plastic turnover boxes, which have their own characteristics in meeting the functions of transport packaging of goods, and must be reasonably selected according to actual needs.
One, corrugated carton
Corrugated cartons are corrugated cardboards with a hollow structure and are made through a forming process. Corrugated cartons use various types of cardboard, including single, double and triple corrugated packaging materials. The weight of large cartons is 3,000 kg. Corrugated cartons have a wide range of applications, including almost all consumer goods, including fruits, vegetables, processed foods, needle cotton fabrics, glass ceramics, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and other daily necessities as well as bicycles, household appliances, and fine furniture.
From the development of corrugated cartons in various countries, it has replaced or is replacing traditional wooden box packaging. According to relevant literature statistics, the output value of corrugated board cabins accounted for more than 20-25% of the total package materials, accounting for the first place. According to some foreign literature, it is estimated that corrugated cartons cannot be replaced by other packaging materials for at least 30 years.
Here are the advantages and disadvantages of corrugated carton for the function of transport packaging: From the perspective of the protection function, the design of corrugated carton can make it have enough strength; it is flexible, has good shockproof and anti-buffering function, and has good sealing performance. Can dust, keep the product clean and sanitary.
From the perspective of convenient circulation, corrugated cartons facilitate containerization; they are light-weight and easy to load and stack; empty containers can be disassembled, and their volume can be greatly reduced, making them easy to store in empty containers; corrugated cartons have smooth surfaces and beautiful printing. Obviously, it is easy to convey information.
From the perspective of the function of reducing circulation costs, the carton consumes less resources than wood foil, and its price is naturally lower than that of the wooden box; its volume and weight are lighter than the wooden box, which is advantageous for saving freight. After waste recycling, it can also make paper and save resources.
Of course, corrugated cartons also have some deficiencies, mainly due to the lack of compressive strength and poor waterproof performance, both of which will affect the basic function of corrugated boxes - the realization of protective functions. In recent years, due to the improvement of compressive strength in carton design and changes in logistics environment, such as reduced loading and unloading times, shorter storage time, lower stacking height, application of automated three-dimensional warehouses, and container and pallet packaging to protect cartons, etc. These two performance requirements are also reduced, so that the lack of cardboard boxes can be compensated for in a wider range of applications.
Second, wooden box
Wooden box is a kind of traditional packaging container. Although in many cases it has gradually been replaced by corrugated boxes, wooden boxes still have advantages and irreplaceability in some respects compared with corrugated boxes. It is also more suitable for the current situation of packaging production and commodity circulation in China, so wooden boxes still occupy a place in the entire transport packaging container. Common wooden boxes are wooden boxes, box boxes and frame boxes.
(a) wooden crate
The wooden crate is made of wooden strips and is a small shipping container.
Wooden crate has the following features in meeting the various functions of transport packaging:
Judging from the protection function, wooden crates have high resistance to puncture strength and compressive strength, which can better withstand foreign object collisions and withstand higher stacking loads. Especially in the case of moisture, they will not be degraded due to strength. The deformation caused a collapse accident. However, the wooden box has small elasticity, poor cushioning and anti-seismic performance, and it is not easy to dry after damp, and the joints have pores and it is difficult to seal waiting points. If additional protection measures are not added, the interior products may be damaged or deteriorated when they are subjected to heavy impact, moisture and rain, or dust and insects.
From the perspective of convenient circulation, the production of wooden crate is easy to draw on the spot, and it can be processed in-situ without the need for complicated processing equipment and it is easy to make. Therefore, the wooden crate is for special products that are small in volume or small in size and heavy in weight. , easier to make suitable packaging, have greater advantages. However, the wooden box has a large body weight, a large volume and a large empty storage area, which brings various inconveniences to use, storage and transportation. For example, loading and unloading and stacking are more laborious than cartons. At the same time, generally, the surface of the wooden box is rough, and the brush characters and signs are easily blurred. The characteristics of the production, but because of the low level of mechanization of the production of music, production efficiency is not high, coupled with the high price of wood raw materials in China, so the cost of wooden boxes is higher. Due to the weight and large size of the wooden box, the freight rate will increase, and the empty box storage and recycling transportation will be relatively large, resulting in an increase in the circulation cost of the wooden box.
Wooden crate can be made into a sparse wooden box called a wooden box. It can ventilate and ventilate, reduce wood consumption, reduce costs, reduce weight, and reduce circulation costs. Suitable for transport packaging containers that are used as fresh commodities and do not require dust protection.
(b) Frame box
The box board box is a kind of small packing container made of the box frame board made of stick wood and artificial board and then nailed and assembled. From the overall view of the box board box, the frame is a bar wood, and the box surface is usually Monolithic plywood, fiberboard and cardboard.
The box box is a timber frame structure, with large carrying capacity and multiple stacking layers; the box surface is a monolithic artificial sheet with strong dust and moisture resistance; when the box size is the same, it is lighter than the weight of the wooden box, and there is a frame. The structure is easy to handle; the artificial board is smoother than the board, and the printed mark is clear; the use of plywood, fiberboard, and cardboard can save the wood resources. However, the anti-jamming strength of the box board box is lower than that of the wooden box, and the box body should not be too large; the frame is outside the box, so that its volume is increased; the box surface is more easily damaged, and the recycling multiplexing ratio is reduced; when the reinforced wood bracing is added, the processing is performed. It is also more difficult.
(c) Frame box
The frame box is made up of a certain section of wood to form the box skeleton, and then according to the needs of the skeleton outside the installation of plate covered large packaging containers. Usually the box is composed of six frames. The assembly method is divided into two types: nails and snails. The lighter ones use nails, and the lighter ones use bolts.
Strong frame structure, high strength, strong protection, suitable for packing bulky materials or fragile electronic equipment; able to withstand large accumulation load; can be loaded
More than 1,000 kg to less than 15,000 kg of larger materials and equipment. However, the design of the frame box is rather complicated; the self-heavy weight is relatively large and the handling of large frame boxes is difficult.
Third, the tray
The pallet collection package is a collection of several large pieces of cargo that are stacked together on a carrier pallet. Pallet packaging is a type of packaging that is adapted to the mechanization of handling and handling operations.
Pallet aggregate packaging is an important type of collective packaging. It is different from the characteristics of ordinary transport packaging. It is in a state that can be transferred into motion at any time, so that static goods become dynamic goods. From a different point of view, the pallet collection package is not only a packaging method but also a transportation tool and a packaging container. Judging from the collection of small packaging units, it is a method of packaging; from the point of view that it is suitable for transport, it is a means of transportation; from the perspective of its protective function for cargo, it is also a kind of packaging. container.
Fourth, the container
The container is a large-scale iron box with good sealability. The use of containers can achieve the most advanced mode of transport, namely "door-to-door" transport, from the consignor's warehouse door to the consignee's door.
Containers are large-scale assembly packages that have the characteristics of both transportation tools, packaging methods, and packaging containers. In adapting to modern logistics, it is more advantageous than pallet collection packaging. For specific details, see Chapter IV, Section 4, Container Transport.
Fifth, plastic turnover box
Turnover box is a kind of transportation package suitable for short-distance transportation and can be reused for a long time. At the same time, it is an open type, non-bundling, and users do not have to open the package. All the goods that are linked to the factory, fast-forward, and fast-out are all available in turnover containers, such as drinks, meat, soy products, milk, cakes, eggs, and other foods.
In the past, turnover boxes used wooden boxes. In recent years, new types of plastic turnover boxes have emerged and gradually replaced wooden boxes. The plastic turnover box has played a significant role in protecting commodities, saving costs, and improving service quality, which has gradually expanded the scope of application of the turnover box.
The plastic turnover box is light in weight, small in size, low in cost, and easy to handle; it can increase the degree of safety without falling off of the bottom of the box and greatly reducing the breakage of the glass bottles; the use of plastic boxes can save valuable timber resources. However, the one-time investment of plastic turnover containers is large and the cost is high. The empty containers take up transportation and storage expenses; the sealing performance is poor, which in some cases hinders the health; the lack of signs brings certain difficulties to logistics management.