7 types and uses of glass fiber
Glass is a brittle and fragile material, but once heated, the glass is drawn into glass fibres that are much thinner than the hair and becomes softer like synthetic fibers, but the degree of toughness exceeds the same Thick stainless steel wire.
The use of glass fiber
Glass ropes twisted with glass fiber can be described as the "king of the rope." A thick glass rope with one finger can lift a truck full of goods. Since glass ropes are not afraid of seawater corrosion and will not rust, they are very suitable for use as ship ropes and crane slings. Although the rope made of synthetic fibers is firm, it will melt at high temperatures, but glass ropes will not, so it is particularly safe for rescuers to use glass ropes.
Glass fiber is both insulating and heat-resistant, so it is a very good insulating material. At present, most of the motor and electrical factories in China have used glass fibers as insulating materials. A 6000-kilowatt turbo-generator, in which the use of glass fiber insulation components actually reached more than 1,800. Due to the use of glass fiber as insulation material, both the performance of the motor is improved, the size of the motor is reduced, and the cost of the motor is also reduced.
Another important use of glass fibers is to work with plastics to make a variety of glass fiber composites. For example, a layer of glass cloth is immersed in a hot-melt plastic, and after molding, it becomes a famous "glass fiber reinforced plastic." FRP is even tougher than steel. It is neither rusted nor resistant to corrosion. It weighs only a quarter of the volume of steel, so it can be used to make ships, cars, train housings, and machine parts. The steel, at the same time, also reduced the weight of the car and the ship itself, resulting in a significant increase in the effective load. Since it does not rust, many maintenance costs can be eliminated.
If the glass is melted, it is blown into thin, short fibers using a high-velocity airflow or flame. This becomes glass wool. There is a moisture-proof ultra-thin glass wool, and more than 200 pieces are only one hair thick together. Glass wool has a very strong insulating property, 3 cm thick glass wool, its thermal insulation capacity is equal to a 1 meter thick brick wall! Glass wool also has a good sound absorption effect. Therefore it is used as insulation in many industrial sectors. Sound insulation, heat insulation, shockproof and filter materials.
Glass fiber product types and uses
1, no roving
Rovings are made from bundles of parallel or parallel monofilaments. Rovings based on glass can be divided into: non-alkali glass rovings and medium-alkali glass rovings. The diameter of glass fiber used for producing glass rovings is from 12 to 23 μm. The number of rovings without rovings is from 150 to 9600 (tex). Rovings can be used directly in certain composite material processing methods, such as winding and pultrusion processes. Because of their even tension, they can also be woven into roving fabrics. In some applications, rovings are further chopped. .
(1) Roving without rovings Rovings suitable for fiberglass injection molding should have the following properties: 1 good cutting performance, low static electricity generated when continuous high-speed cutting; 2 non-woven roving after cutting and dispersing into strands High efficiency, that is, high splitting rate, usually more than 90%; 3 chopped after the original silk has excellent overmolding, can be covered in all corners of the mold; 4 resin soaked fast, easy roll and roll Easy to drive out bubbles; 5 original silk drum with good retreat performance, uniform coarse yarn density, suitable for various spray guns and fiber conveying systems. The jet rovings are made from multiple strands of raw silk, and each strand contains 200 glass filaments.
(2) smc uses roving roving smc that is sheet molding compound, mainly used to suppress auto parts, bathtubs, tank boards, septic tanks, various seats. The smc roving used for roving is to be cut into lin (25mm) when it is manufactured in smc sheet, and dispersed in the resin paste. Therefore, the requirement for roving without rovings for smc is good choppedness, less nap, and good antistatic property. The chopped thread does not adhere to the knife roll when cutting. For colored smc, the roving is to be impregnated with the resin in a high pigment content resin paste. Usually smc rovings are generally 2400 tex, and in some cases 4800 tex.
(3) Winding The roving non-winding method is used to produce various glass fiber reinforced plastics, tanks, etc. The number of winding rovings used is from No. 1200 to No. 9600. Winding large pipes and storage tanks tends to direct roving, such as direct roving of 4800 tex. The requirements for the roving non-winding rovings are as follows: 1) good belting and flat ribbon; 2) rovings without rovings have good decomposability; they do not detach from the bobbin and do not form a "bird's nest"; 3 Uniform tension, no drape; 4 wire density is uniform, generally less than ± 7%; 5 no roving has good permeability, and it is easy to wet and penetrate the resin when passing through the resin tank.
(4) Pultruded pultruded pultruded ropes are used to produce a wide range of sections with consistent profiles. They are characterized by high glass fiber content and high strength in one direction. The pultruded rovings can be multifilament yarns combined or direct rovings with a linear density ranging from 1100 to 4400. The various performance requirements are about the same as those for winding a roving.
(5) Roving Rovings One important use for roving rovings is the weaving of woven fabrics of various thicknesses or unidirectional rovings, which are mostly used in the hand lay-up of FRP forming processes. The following requirements are required for the use of strong rovings: 1 good abrasion resistance; 2 good belting properties; 3 rovings used for weaving must be forced to dry prior to weaving; 4 no rovings should have even tension and the sag should be Meet a certain standard; 5 good roving resolvability; 6 no roving good permeability.
(6) Rovings for preforms In the preform process, the rovings are chopped and sprayed onto a predetermined shape of the net, while a small amount of resin is sprayed to fix the web, and then the formed web is transferred in. In the metal mold, the injected resin is hot pressed to form the product. The performance requirements of rovings for this process are essentially the same as those for jet rovings.
2, glass fiber wet felt
Fiberglass non-woven products originated in Europe, and later introduced to the United States, Japan, China and other countries. China has established several large-scale production lines. The main technologies are from German technology such as Zhongxing Tianma and Shaanxi Huate in Changzhou.
At present, the main classification of domestic wet glass fiber mats:
(1) Roofing felts used as base materials for modified bitumen waterproofing membranes, colored asphalt shingles, and other waterproof materials (2) Pipeline felts are used in the coating of petroleum and natural gas pipelines, combined with asphalt to prevent corrosion of underground pipelines;
(3) Shaped and surface polished surface fiberglass products;
(4) Veneers are used for walls and ceilings to prevent cracking and orange peeling of paints, and are used to decorate large meeting rooms and high-end hotels;
(5) Floor felt is used as a substrate for pvc flooring;
(6) Carpet felts are used as base materials for carpet tiles;
(7) The copper clad laminates attached to the copper clad laminate can enhance its punching and drilling performance;
(8) Battery separator mat used as substrate for aluminum acid battery separator mat
3, glass fiber mat
(1) Chopped strand mats. Glass strands (sometimes also rovings) are cut into 50 mm lengths, randomly but evenly laid on a mesh belt, followed by application of an emulsion binder or dusting with a powdered binder. After heating and curing, they are bound into chopped strand mats. Chopped strand mats are mainly used in hand lay-up, continuous board and die-casting and smc processes. The quality requirements for chopped strand mats are as follows: 1 The area in the width direction is of uniform quality; 2 The chopped strands are evenly distributed in the mat, no large holes are formed, the binder is evenly distributed; 3 has a moderate dry felt strength; 4 excellent Resin infiltration and permeability.
(2) Continuous strand mats The glass strands formed in the drawing process or the continuous strands withdrawn from the original bobbins are laid in a figure 8 shape on a continuous moving mesh belt and bonded by a powder binder. The fiber in the continuous fiberglass mat is continuous, so its reinforcing effect on the composite material is shorter and the mat is better. Mainly used in pultrusion, rtm method, pressure bag method and glass mat reinforced thermal plastic (gmt) and other processes.
(3) Surface mats FRP products usually require the formation of a rich resin layer, which is generally achieved with alkali glass mats. Due to the use of alkali glass (c), this type of felt imparts chemical resistance, especially acid resistance, to FRP. At the same time, because the felt is thin and the diameter of glass fiber is fine, it can absorb more resin to form a resin-rich layer. Lived glass fiber reinforced material (such as gingham cloth) lines, play a surface modification.
(4) Needling felt Needling felt or divided into chopped fiber needle felt and continuous yarn needle felt. Chopped-fiber needled felts are short-cut glass fiber rovings to 50 mm, randomly placed on a substrate previously placed on a conveyor belt, and then needled with a barbed needle, and the needles pierce the short-cut fibers into the substrate. In the middle, the crochet hook brings some fibers up to form a three-dimensional structure. The substrate used can be a thin fabric of glass fibers or other fibers, and this needle felt has a fluffy feel. Its main uses include thermal insulating materials, thermal insulation materials, and filter materials. It can also be used in the production of fiberglass, but its strength is low and its use is limited. Another type of continuous strand needled felt consists of randomly throwing continuous glass strands onto a continuous belt with a wire-throwing device and needle-punching through a needle board to form a three-dimensional structure felt with fibers interlinked. This kind of felt is mainly used for the production of glass fiber reinforced thermoplastics stampable sheets.
(5) Stitched felt chopped glass fibers can be sewn into chopped fibers or long fiber mats from 50 mm to 60 cm long by a stitching machine. The former can be used in place of conventional binder bonded chopped strand mats in several applications. The latter replaces the continuous strand mat to some extent. Their common advantage is that they do not contain binders, which avoids pollution during the production process, and at the same time have good soak properties and lower prices.
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