This achievement was achieved after years of hard work by a research team led by Professor Zhang Suchun, a distinguished professor at the Fudan University Changjiang Scholars Award Program and a tenured professor of the Department of Neurobiology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. They first used chemical methods to successfully transform human embryonic stem cells into nerve cells, and then transplanted them into mouse brains. The purity of the transplanted cells must be very high, and must be designated to be able to complete a special mission, otherwise the injected early intermediate cells may "malignant" into tumors, resulting in research failure. The team figured out the "localized specialized guided cell method", which successfully avoided the formation of unnecessary cell types in mice.
In the experiment, they first "deliberately destroyed" the "wires" in the brain area of ​​the mouse brain, which is called the medial septum, which controls learning and memory, causing the mice to temporarily lose their ability to learn and remember. Zhang Suchun said that this process is somewhat similar to removing a section of telephone line. If you can find the correct line in the future, you can connect the damaged "disconnection" from any end at any time when needed. The researchers transplanted the cells to the other end of the mouse's memory circuit, the hippocampus, an important memory center of the brain. Implanted stem cells immediately form two common and important types of neurons that are effective against GABA or acetylcholinergic neurons in the brain that direct behavior, emotion, learning, memory, addiction and many other mental problems. Communicate, and respond to chemical commands from the brain, begin to specialize and connect with the appropriate cells in the hippocampus. Tests have confirmed that these mice that have been "connected" successfully after stem cell transplantation have effectively recovered their conventional learning and memory abilities. Their scores are significantly better than those of mice that still lose their "learning and memory" abilities, especially in the "water maze" test In the mice with successful stem cell transplantation, the setting of the maze was clear and easy to deal with, while the control group of mice faced the maze and were confused and overwhelmed.
The ultimate goal of stem cell transplantation research is to repair brain damage through cell replacement, with promising prospects. However, Zhang Suchun pointed out that the current stem cell therapy is unlikely to have an immediate effect, because many mental diseases are still difficult to know which part of the brain has a problem. This new study is more likely to be applied immediately to construct drug screening models.
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